Web Publishing Concepts
Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of literature or information – the activity of making information available for public view.
Web publishing – “Web publishing is an activity of collecting Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosting them on a particular domain on the World Wide Web”
Web publishing lets you give permission to anyone to create, edit, and schedule pages on your web site, working from any web browser. You can prepare a page and then “timeLine” it to appear on the web at a precise future moment.
Web publishing involves………..
- Creating a Web site and placing it on the Web server.
- Web sites are designed using Web authoring software which provides a graphical layout capability or by hand coding in HTML or both.
- Distributing the site requires copying the resulting HTML pages and graphic elements into the appropriate directories on the server.
What is a web page?
A web page is a document (containing text, graphics, links, etc.) described in a text file that can be displayed by a web browser. A web page has no fixed width or length like a paper page. The information and formatting of the web page is stored in text file that contains the text of the page and HTML (HyperText Markup Language) codes (called tags) that determine the layout of the page in the web browser. The HTML tags come in pairs (at least most of them … some do not have an ending tag) that indicate the beginning and end of the instruction. The syntax is:
- Beginning tag: <tag-name-and-parameters>
- Optional parameters have the form: parameter-name=”parameter-value”
- Ending tag: </tag-name>
What is a web site?
A collection of related web pages. In the simplest sense, a web site could be a single web page. The primary starting page of a web site is called the “Home” page. NOTE: This is not the same as the “Home” page of your browser.
Web Hosting
Web hosting can be thought of as renting space on a web server. Servers are stored inside of “data centers” where connections are running through servers. All these servers are there for one reason only – to make you available in front of the world with a click of a mouse.
In other words, web hosting, is a means of hosting the web-server application on a computer system through which electronic content on the internet is readily available to any web-browser client.
The web of worldwide servers connected to the internet, provides an easily used and understood method of accessing electronic content. Accessing information requires data communication between a web-browser client and a web-server application. You could setup your home computer as a server, but that won’t make much sense if you plan on generating a lot of traffic or “hits” for your site. This is because:
Your computer must ALWAYS be on AND connected to the internet for your website to be accessible by others via the internet. If it’s off, no one will see it. Running your own server can be a complicated task (if you’re unfamiliar with server software, etc) resulting in downtimes that may take a lot of time and energy to correct. Your home or business’ internet connection is not likely adequate to host your own site…. especially if you want to achieve lots of traffic to your site. At best, you may have a cable modem connection.
For the above reasons, the vast majority of companies and individuals with a website out-source their web hosting needs to web hosting companies like the ones showcased throughout this website. You get an “always-on” internet connection, a team of internet professionals to keep your website up and running, and a super-high bandwidth connection to the internet.
When you get a web hosting account, you are given access to a portion of the web hosting company’s server. This is done by assigning a unique username and password which you use to get your account.
Web hosting is a service that provides individuals, organizations and users with online systems for storing information, images, video, or any content accessible via the Web.
Web Hosts
Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own for use by their clients as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data center.
A web host is a type of Internet service provider. Instead of providing access to the Internet, a web host provides server storage space for websites online. Every website online is hosted on a server at a data facility. It is far too expensive for most people to own and maintain their own server, so most people opt to lease space on a server that is professionally maintained by another company. These businesses are known as web hosting companies, and they make up a multi-billion dollar industry that is relatively easy for most people to cash in on. If you are looking for a long-term business opportunity that has the ability to generate phenomenal profits, keep reading to learn how to run your own web hosting service.
Web hosting = a website domain name?
Web hosting shouldn’t be confused with domain name. A web hosting and a website domain are two totally different things. In layman’s term, a web host is like a house where the house owner can stores furniture (web contents) in it; whereas, a domain name is like the address of the house. Web hosting is the “storage space”; while a website domain name refers to the “location” of your website.
Subdomains, top level domains, and addon domains
Google.com is a domain name, the extension ‘.com’ is known as Top Level Domain (TLD). Some TLDs are opened and free to be registered by the publics, for instance: .com, .net, and .info; some TLDs, on the other hand, are governed strictly by government and cyber regulations, for example .gov can be only used by government organization and a country code TLD (ccTLD, like .co.jp and .co.uk) can be only used by websites located in that particular country. Some TLDs are intended for certain special purpose, for example .org is intended for organizations’ website (though it’s widely misused by personal websites).
Subdomain is the name in front of a domain name. For example ‘mail.google.com’, the word ‘mail’ is a subdomain. Subdomain is often confused with an addon domain. An addon domain is the second, third, fourth… independent domain name added in a single hosting account; a subdomain, on the other hand, is a secondary domain appears in front of a domain name.
Addon domain requires the owner to renew its registration; while creating subdomains require no cost at all.
Types of web hosting
Web hosting comes in different forms and shapes that can be categorized into five major groups, namely: shared hosting, virtual private server hosting, dedicated hosting, reseller hosting, and the cluster hosting.
Shared Web Hosting As the name refers, a shared hosting server is shared by multiple websites. Typically, websites on a shared hosting share the same server resources (such as CPU and RAM) and IP address.
Virtual Dedicated Hosting A virtual dedicated hosting is also known as Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting. Virtual dedicated hosting separates the server into several smaller independent servers. Each website hosted on VPS hosting will have its own isolated hosting environment (hence own root folder) and unique hosting features (such as firewalls and SSH access).
Dedicated Hosting The entire server is used by only single website (or customer) in a dedicated hosting. A dedicated hosted website enjoys better flexibility and web security. Users get full control over the server including bandwidth allocation, server operating system, and other custom web server features.
Reseller Hosting Reseller hosting services allow users to become a web host themselves. The server in reseller hosting is parted into smaller pieces (shared hosting) and can be sold to others.
Cluster Hosting Cluster hosting is also known as cloud hosting. A cluster hosting is the perfect solution for websites that require massive amount of processing power (such as complex web applications or huge web traffics) as a cluster-hosted website has access to a number of connected servers’ resources
Basic Concepts and Definitions
What is Web publishing?
- Digital content vs. Web content
- Web publishing – “Web publishing is an activity of collecting Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosting them on a particular domain on the World Wide Web”
- A Web service that automates information services that are conducted over the Internet, using standardized technologies and formats/protocols that simplify the exchange and integration of large amounts of data over the Internet.
- Traditional publishing vs. Web publishing – The traditional approach of publishing is an expensive and time consuming procedure. It categorizes different roles for specific persons or organizations and is not an iterating process. However, Web publishing is a flatter and more collaborative approach towards publishing content where each contributor plays multiple roles in the publishing procedure rather than a specific pre-assigned process as shown in the figure below .
- Especially Wiki, RSS and Blogs will be the focus of this section. Wikis allow users to collaboratively create, edit, link and organize content over the Web. RSS (Really Simple Syndication or Rich Site Summary) makes it possible for people to keep up with dynamic Web content in an automated manner that can be piped into special programs or filtered displays. Blogs are either personal diaries or Websites providing news or commentary arranged in a reverse chronological order.
Social Infrastructure of publication
- Understand the roles of people involved with the publication and the social infrastructure that is involved in the process of Web publishing.
- Those involved with publishing can be categorized using the following list:
- Authors – The one who owns the content and creates it originally is named as the author of the content.
- Publishers – Publishers are brokers between authors who wish to disseminate their thoughts, ideas and knowledge and the readers / consumers of the content published.
- Third Party Institutions – Institutions include schools, professional organizations, research labs and companies that have affiliation with the author or the publishers.
- Consumers – Interested parties such as learners and readers can be classified as consumers of the published material.
- Each entity can be involved in multiple operations in the entire process. For example, a publisher also can be a consumer of the published material.
Intellectual Property Rights
- Copyright Laws bestow ownership to the author of the published work.
- Authors possess the powers to modify, update and manage the published content.
- The information owned by the author cannot be printed, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a medium, without the authors consent. (US Copyright Laws)
- The copyright laws also can be transferred to other people or third party organizations.
- In an instance where a third party or a consumer uses the work published by an author to derive a hypothesis or to state a fact, a mandatory reference has to be made to the author’s work in order to acknowledge credit to the author for his work.
Access to material
- Open access (OA)
- Open access is free, immediate, permanent, full-text, online access, for any user, Web-wide, to digital scientific or scholarly material.
- Open access means that any user, anywhere may link, read, download, store or data mine the digital content of that article.
- Open source offers practical accessibility to a product’s source including its knowledge and goods. In this context, it implies free access to all the resources categorized as open source.
- Material is often accessible though license agreements. Licenses specify permission to access the material. It is granted by the licensor to the licensee as an element of agreement between them.
- Some material is only accessible to a community or a group demonstrating a sense of privacy for the material. The Web’s security systems can protect such limited accessing..
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system built on a distributed database for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.
It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities. Most importantly, it translates domain names meaningful to humans into the numerical identifiers associated with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices worldwide.
An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, the domain name www.example.com translates to the addresses 192.0.32.10 (IPv4) and 2620:0:2d0:200::10 (IPv6).
A DNS name server is a server that stores the DNS records, such as address (A) records, name server (NS) records, and mail exchanger (MX) records for a domain name (see also List of DNS record types) and responds with answers to queries against its database.
Domain name registration
The right to use a domain name is delegated by domain name registrars which are accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the organization charged with overseeing the name and number systems of the Internet.
In addition to ICANN, each top-level domain (TLD) is maintained and serviced technically by an administrative organization, operating a registry. A registry is responsible for maintaining the database of names registered within the TLD it administers. The registry receives registration information from each domain name registrar authorized to assign names in the corresponding TLD and publishes the information using a special service, the whois protocol.
How do domain names work? (domain name basics)
A domain name basically works like an address forwarding service.
All of your web site content sits on a computer with a unique address. This is called an IP address. An IP address is made up of a series of numbers, such as 123.23.234.45. Your domain name directs visitors to your site using this IP address.
We use domain names instead of IP addresses because most people find it easier to remember a name rather than a series of numbers.
What is a top-level domain (TLD)? (domain name basics)
A top-level domain (TLD) is the basic part of the domain name located to the right of the dot (” . “). The most common top-level domains are .com, .net, and .org. Some other popular top-level domains are .biz, .info, .name, and .ws. These common top-level domains have certain guidelines attached, but are for the most part available to any registrant, anywhere in the world.
There are also restricted top-level domains (rTLDs), like .aero, .biz, .edu, .mil, .museum, .name, .ca, .bk, and .pro, that require the registrant to represent a certain type of entity or country, or to belong to a certain community. For example, the .name TLD is reserved for individuals and .edu is reserved for educational entities.
What is a second-level domain (SLD)? (domain name basics)
Located immediately to the left of the dot (” . “), the second-level domain is the readable part of the domain name. The registrant defines the second-level domain. It typically refers to the organization or entity associated with the IP address. For example, in www.cnn.com “cnn” is a second-level domain.
What do I do with my domain name once it’s been registered? (domain name basics)
Setup a web site. In order to setup a website you will need to do the following:
- Buy a web hosting account. Providers are located here.
- Create web pages for your web site.
- Website Creation Software
- Templates
- Website Design Companies
- Upload your web pages to your web hosting account.
Sell it. Domain names can be a great investment. If you have registered a domain name that you are not using, maybe someone else can. Go to the our domain name registration home page to login and set up a For Sale parked page for your domain name. Don’t forget to include your contact information.
Protect your brand online. The more domain names you register, the better. Prevent others from registering a similar domain name to yours—just to steal your customers. What to do with all these names? Forward them to your main domain name.
Hold on to it. Maybe you haven’t decided what to do with your new domain name. You can leave it parked with sslcatacombnetworking.com for the length of your registration.
The Registration method
If you would like to buy a website name, 1st you would like to find a registrar who will process the domain name registration. Currently there are tons of registrars you’ll be able to use. To determine the complete list of accredited domain name registrars visit the InterNIC web site (www.internic.com/regist.html). Once you move to a website of the registrar you chose you’ll be able to use their domain name search tool to verify that the domain name you propose on shopping for has not been taken yet. If it is accessible you’ll be able to proceed with the registration.
Currently as you go ahead with the registration you’ve got regarding 3 additional steps to complete the purchase. The domain name registration method might slightly differ from registrar to registrar however the following 3 steps should be just about the identical for many of them.
- 1. Decide how many years you would like to register your domain name for?
- 2. Select Public or Non-public registration?
- 3. Enter domain name contact info
- When you are registering your domain name you can select the time period of the possession which is sometimes from 1 year to up to 10 years (in fact you’ll extend it simply before the domain is about to expire therefore you do not loose it). Some registrars might even need minimum of 2 or a lot of years for selected domain names.
Therefore how many years should you register the domain name for? Well, it depends on what you are visiting use the domain for. If it is for your business and you propose to be in business for a minimum of the next five years, I would register it for five or a lot of years. If you’re not positive about the longer term of your web site one or two years should be fine and then you can just extend the registration if your website is doing fine. Today many registrars provide you the option of getting your domain name renewed automatically so you don’t have to fret about it. Using this option can allow you to avoid loosing your domain name simply as a result of you forgot to renew it. - Selecting public or non-public registration is another step you will undergo, but, some domain registrars could not provide this option. Public registration is that the one where you employ your personal data within the domain name contact. This kind of registering is a lot of convenient however conjointly less secure than the private one simply as a result of your detailed contact is widely and simply accessible including your address, phone numbers and email address that would create you an straightforward target for email spammers and fraud.
Non-public registration is on the other hand giving you the security however at the same time it might cost you some additional money over some amount of time. The way it works is largely that your registrar is registering your domain name on your behalf. So you are in some way the owner however you have the proper to use it. In this case the domain name has the contact data of your registrar rather then yours. Any mail received to the address listed beneath your domain can be forwarded to you and here is where the extra expense comes in since most of the registrars can charge you additional for this service. If you’re choosing non-public registration I would undoubtedly suggest to closely browse the service agreement before you proceed with the registration. You’ll save yourself some headaches. - The last step is fairly simple. If you have chosen private domain name registration you do not have to stress about this step. In case of public registration all you would like to do is to enter your detailed contact information. The ICANN (Net Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) records 4 varieties of contacts for every domain name. 1.Owner’s contact 2.Administrator’s contact 3.Tech person’s contact 4.Billing person’s contact. You’ll be able to just have the identical contact information for all four unless you’ve got other folks managing different aspects of your domain name.
That’s all. Currently you’ll just complete the checkout process. It could take up to forty eight hours for the domain name registration to be finalized. Once the registration is complete you have got yourself a website name. In fact there’s more than simply a domain name registration you need to do so as to induce your web site on-line using the domain name you’ve just purchased. You would like to build your site, find a web host, and publish your web site to your net host’s servers but those topics are beyond the scope of this article.
Currently that you’ve got browse this article, we have a tendency to hope that each one your doubts regarding domain name registration should are resolved.